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Lost Wax Metal Casting Technique

Lost wax casting is a delicate and complex process, but the end result is worth all the effort, as it creates metal objects of unparalleled beauty and detail.

Lalit Bhatt
Lalit Bhatt

Lost wax casting is a process that has been used for thousands of years to create intricate metal objects. This technique involves creating a wax model of the desired object, encasing it in a mould, and then melting out the wax and replacing it with molten metal. The result is a precise, detailed replica of the original wax model. Archeological evidences has been found that many ancient civilizations as early as 4500 BC has used this technique to make beautiful artifacts.  Dancing Girl From Mohenjodaro is a famous example from Indus valley civilization.

Dancing girl. Mohanjodaro, Indus valley civilization
Dancing girl

The lost wax casting process can be divided into several steps:

  1. Wax Model Creation: The first step in lost wax casting is to create a wax model of the desired object. This can be done by hand, using a carving tool, or using a computer-aided design (CAD) program and a 3D printer. The wax model should be as detailed and precise as possible, as any imperfections or defects will be replicated in the final metal piece.

  2. Mould Creation: The next step is to create a mould around the wax model. This can be done using a variety of materials, such as silicone rubber, plaster, or a ceramic shell. The mould is made by first applying a layer of liquid rubber or plaster to the wax model, allowing it to harden, and then repeating this process several times until a thick, solid mould is created.

  3. Wax Removal: Once the mould is complete, the wax model is melted out, leaving a hollow cavity in the shape of the desired object. This step is where the term “lost wax” comes from, as the wax is “lost” in the process.

  4. Metal Pouring: The next step is to pour molten metal into the cavity left by the melted wax. This can be done using a variety of metals, including bronze, silver, gold, and others. The metal is poured into the mould and allowed to cool, taking on the shape of the object.

  5. Mould Removal: Once the metal has cooled and solidified, the mould can be removed, revealing the final metal object. The mould can be broken away from the metal object, or the metal can be carefully cut away from the mould.

  6. Finishing: The final step is to clean up and finish the metal object. This may involve sanding, polishing, or adding additional details.

Lost wax casting is a time-consuming and complex process, but the results are truly stunning. This technique allows for the creation of intricate, detailed objects that would be difficult or impossible to produce using other methods. Whether you’re a professional sculptor or an amateur metalworker, lost wax casting is a technique that is well worth exploring.

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